Neuropathic Pain Phantom Pain

PHANTOM LIMB PAIN ANAESTHESIA TUTORIAL OF THE WEEK 229
Phantom pain is a form of neuropathic pain and, once established, can be extremely difficult to treat. DEFINITIONS Following amputation, patients experience a number of different forms of pain. Nociceptive pain in the ... Access Content

NEUROPATHIC PAIN
NEUROPATHIC PAIN CJ Cullinan RN BSN CRRN MHSA Craig Rehabilitation Hospital Englewood CO cjcullinan@msn.com 2 Conditions with NP – Diabetic peripheral neuropathy – Post herpaticneuralgia – HIV neuropathy – Spinal cord injury – Neuropathic cancer pain – Phantom limb pain ... Access Doc

neuropathic Tables And Glossary - American Medical Association
CSAPH Report 5 (A-06), Neuropathic Pain – Tables and Glossary (Appendix) Table 1. Common Types of Neuropathic Pain Peripheral • Acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy ... Document Viewer

Medical Treatment Guidelines - Labor & Industries (L&I ...
Neuropathic pain conditions or diseases that are known to cause neuropathy; -Diabetic neuropathy. -Post herpetic neuralgia. -Trigeminal neuralgia. -Spinal cord injury. -Cauda equine syndrome. -Phantom limb pain. -HIV neuropathy. -Cancer. -Traumatic nerve injury, and ... Read Here

Pain Management For Amputees - .:: GEOCITIES.ws ::.
Pain Management for Amputees Dr Craig Davenport Rehabilitation Registrar Liverpool Hospital 19th August 2005 Pain in the Amputee Pre-operative pain – ischaemic, infection, trauma Early Post-op pain – somatic vs neuropathic, stump vs phantom limb Late post-op pain – stump vs phantom limb ... Doc Retrieval

Indi.ca 1 Research Paper Genetic Mediation Of Neuropathic ...
Indi.ca 1 Research Paper Genetic Mediation of Neuropathic Phantom Limb Pain Indrajit Samarajiva McGill University, www.indi.ca Submitted 13 April 2004 ... View Full Source

Nerve Compression Syndrome - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Its symptoms include pain, tingling, numbness, or for ameliorating neuropathic pain. List of syndromes Upper limb. nerve place usually referred to as; median: carpal tunnel: brachial plexus (Brachial plexus lesion, Thoracic outlet syndrome) · Phantom limb. Mono-neuropathy. Upper limb. ... Read Article

Trigeminal Neuralgia -- Causes And Treatment Of Trigeminal ...
Trigeminal neuralgia, sometimes called tic douloureux, is a neuropathic pain disorder that causes severe facial pain, What is Phantom Limb Pain? Chronic Pelvic Nerve Pain; Post Mastectomy Pain; Related Articles. Trigeminal neuralgia; Glossopharyngeal neuralgia; ... Read Article

Neuropathic Pain Hands, Feet And Heart - Neuropathy Support ...
Neuropathic Pain Hands, Feet and Heart - Neuropathy Support Group for Central Texans February 12th, 2011 –Phantom limb pain . Mixed Pain • In some conditions, pain appears to be caused by a mixture of nociceptive and neuropathic factors. ... Document Retrieval

Neuropathic pain - UC Davis: University Of California ...
Neuropathic pain What is neuropathic pain? (phantom limb sensation); • after some chemotherapy, such as vincristine; • after radiation to areas containing major nerves; and • after a case of shingles (post-herpetic neuralgia). ... View Document

Neuropathic Pain & Complex Regional Pain Syndrome In Children
Neuropathic Pain Aetiology Post surgery Thoracotomy Multilevel surgery for CP Lauder & White Lauder & White Paed Anaesth 2005 Trauma Phantom limb paiPhantom limb painn ... Fetch Full Source

The Neuropathic Pain Scales - جامعة الملك عبد ...
The Neuropathic Pain Scales N europathic pain is defined as pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system. Syndromes such as postherpetic neural-gia, complex regional pain syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, and phantom pain typify neuropathic pain. ... Document Retrieval

Swedes Fear Exposure To Electromagnetic Fields - YouTube
Mr Spinneyhorse you mention phantom text messages. Until now you're the first other person I've heard talk about this. with unberable Neuropathic pain (due to nerve damage caused by EMFs) for 3 years after a standard Magnetic Ressonance Exam - MRI only15 minutes. ... View Video

How Is Pain Defined? - American Academy Of Physician ...
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Phantom limb pain is experienced by many amputees. The underlyi ng mechanism is not well understood. Phantom Limb Pain Alcoholism can cause neuropathy through nutritional deficiency. In particular, severe alcoholism ... Doc Retrieval

NEUROPATHIC OROFACIAL PAIN : A REVIEW AND GUIDELINES FOR ...
Neuropathic pain are: (i) precipitating factors such as trauma or disease (infection), (ii) pain phantom tooth pain central sensitisation a phenomenon occurring in the dorsal horn and other central structures causing allodynia and secondary ... Get Document

MEETUPS! - YouTube
You haven't said anything about it, but if you have some kind of peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain 3:21 Watch Later Error PHANTOM PAIN spoof of Lil Wayne MAKE IT RAIN by JoshSundquist 66,816 views; 2:47 Watch Later Error WHY DO GIRLS REJECT ME? ... View Video

Drug Class Review Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as “pain phantom limb pain, or traumatic nerve injury pain. Because of differences among studies in populations, study designs, and outcomes, it was ... View This Document

NEUROPATHIC OROFACIAL PAIN : A REVIEW AND GUIDELINES FOR ...
According to the location and aetiology of the neuropathic pain. For example, AO or phantom tooth pain implies pain in the mucosa at the site of a tooth extraction, often with a history of frequent previous restorative and endodontic procedures having been carried out ... Document Retrieval

Phantom Limb Pain - Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Phantom Limb Pain A review by Lindsey Tucker, MD Incidence An estimated 1.7 million people in the US are living with limb loss. (Devor, et al 1994) Sympatholytic block can abolish neuropathic pain, but pain can be rekindled by injection of norepinephrine under the skin. ... View Doc

Topical Review Neuropathic pain Following Breast Cancer ...
Keywords: Neuropathic pain; Phantom breast pain; Intercostobrachial neuralgia; Post-mastectomy pain; Neuroma pain; Breast cancer; Mastectomy; Lumpectomy 1. Introduction Chronic pain following surgical procedures for breast cancer was once thought to be rare. ... Doc Viewer

Getting A Grip On neuropathic pain
Drome, phantom limb pain, and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Here’s a review of each. Diabetic neuropathy and Neuropathic pain can hinder your patient’s ability to carry out activities of daily living, so he may have trou- ... Fetch Here

Phantom Tooth Pain - The University Of Sydney
Pain Management Research Institute/Orofacial/Phantom Tooth Pain 1 Phantom Tooth Pain Dr Russell Vickers PhD Phantom tooth pain is a form of neuropathic pain of the oral cavity and further ... Return Document

Common Types Neuropathic Pain

Various Types Of Pain Defined - Central Virginia Post-Polio ...
In some types of neuropathic pain the diagram shown below may help to establish the area of nerve damage or injury. Phantom Limb Pain Pain in a limb that no longer exists is a common phenomenon after amputation. For ... Retrieve Doc

FACT CARD Neuropathic Pain - Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer ...
Some of the more common causes of neuropathic pain include: It can occur with some types of neuropathic pain. Sometimes, any form of pressure, from socks or shoes or tight clothes, can cause pain. PATIENT INFORMATION FACT CARD. Neuropathic Pain [ 2 of 2] ... View Doc

Management Of Different Types Of Pain
Management Of Different Types Of Pain. KRT Lucas Meliala. Guru Besar Luar Biasa. Postoperative visceral pain. Common descriptors. 2 Neuropathic pain has been defined by the International Association for the Study ... Get Content Here

Nerve Pain Feel - What Does Nerve Pain Feel Like
Like other types of chronic pain, neuropathic conditions often cause other symptoms in addition to pain. Common Nerve Pain Conditions; What Causes Nerve Pain? Sources: National Pain Foundation. Neuropathic Pain: Symptoms. Accessed 2/2/10. ... Read Article

Two-Page Summaries Of Common Medical Conditions
OTHER PAIN TYPES Neuropathic pain can coexist with other types of pain (nociceptive, visceral, or psychogenic). Mixed pain in which several pain types coexist is common. For example, migraine headaches probably represent a mixture of neuropathic and nociceptive pain. ... Fetch Full Source

neuropathic Tables And Glossary - American Medical Association
CSAPH Report 5 (A-06), Neuropathic Pain – Tables and Glossary (Appendix) Table 1. Common Types of Neuropathic Pain Peripheral • Acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy ... Get Document

Neuropathic Myofascial Pain Syndromes - What Is Dry-Needling ...
Prone to accept contacts from other types of nerves including autonomic and sensory nerve fibers (10). pain is more common in middle aged individuals who have accumulated an injury pool, • Neuropathic pain is often the unsuspected cause of many other conditions (e.g., ... Return Doc

1-6 Microvascular Decompression MVD Dr. Parrish Neurosurgeon ...
Electrical Shocks, Shirley, Shelly Wilson, Support Group, Education, Association, Stabbing, Jolts, Suicide Disease, Neuropathic, rare Disorder, Treatment important as the treatments for different types of pain may depression is common if a chronic pain syndrome ... View Video

Chronic Postoperative Pain -- Causes Of Chronic Postoperative ...
Neuropathic pain, or pain caused by nerve damage or dysfunction, is one of the most common types of chronic postoperative pain. While surgeons take great care to avoid nerve damage during surgery, minor nicks and nerve stretching are sometimes unavoidable. ... Read Article

Syringomyelia - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
This is the most common cause of syringomyelia, combined with a medication to combat any neuropathic pain symptoms such as shooting and stabbing pains (e.g. Neurontin or Lyrica). In one pain management plan, ... Read Article

Don’t Allow Workouts To Become A Pain
I consider myself a very active guy. I exercise almost every day of the week, and many of my workouts are pretty intense. But I love doing it. And I also make sure I take care of myself, before, during and after. ... Read News

Make The Pain Go Away Pediatric Pain Management: Update For ...
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Neuropathic Pain Wind Up

Differentiating Trigeminal Neuropathy From Trigeminal Neuralgia
TMJ NTTP b/l Relevant Imaging Previous work-up including CT and MRI unrevealing Trigeminal Neuralgia Lyrica. Mother has noticed L sided facial swelling. There is no association with brushing teeth, putting on makeup or wind on Trigeminal neuropathic pain in the V1V2 distribution ... Read Content

neuropathic Tables And Glossary - American Medical Association
As increasing pain sensation (wind-up-like pain) Normally non-painful cold stimuli evoke pain Normally non-painful heat stimuli Neuropathic pain Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system. ... View Document

Delta Healing II - Nerve Pain + RAIN (one Hour Of Isochronic ...
Sign in or sign up now! sciatica, carpal tunnel syndrome, Occipital neuralgia, other neuralgias, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, temporomandibular joint disorder Delta waves are healing frequencies; Nerve Pain + WIND & RAIN http://youtu.be/5_dNiiflXjM ... View Video

The Intravenous Ketamine Test: A Predictive Response Tool For ...
Wind-up and NMDA receptor-mediated nociceptive responses of secondary-order neurons within the spi-nal cord dorsal horn (1,2). neuropathic pain behavior by a single injection of an NMDA receptor antagonist can last up to 72 hours in an animal model of neuropathic pain (22). ... Visit Document

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Current Concepts And Treatment
PDN is a type of neuropathic pain (i.e., caused by damage or dysfunction of the nervous system). It is typically sensitization or “wind-up”). 6 The diabetically involved neuronal hyperexcitability may be due to injury and ... Access This Document

Persistent Postsurgical Pain - Hong Kong Pain Society
A Neuropathic pain condition Hong Kong Pain Society April 24-25, 2010 . Surgery and pain: Acute but what about Chronic ? Wind up like pain Spread of central sensitisation Supraspinal Cortical reorganisation Anxiety Catastrophising S1 Insula ACC Amygdala. ... Visit Document

Unconventional Analgesics For Pediatric Pain Management ...
With centralization of neuropathic pain states or the “wind-up” phenomenon. Moreover, valproate has direct effects on excitable membranes and acts as a membrane stabilizer, similar to intravenous lidocaine and mexiletine. ... Doc Retrieval

Chronic Pain Management: Beyond Opioid Analgesics
Neuropathic Pain: A Palliative Approach Slide Program for the Hospice Pharmacia Conference Call Symposium September 2001 It is now understood how critical a role the NMDA receptors are in the development of “wind-up”. ... Return Document

Clinical Pharmacology Of Pain, Migraine And Neuropathy Management
Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain • Central Sensitization – ‘Wind-up’ phenomenon – Up-regulation of NMDA – ÇIntracellular Ca++ – Six different Ca++ neuropathic pain, HIV pain, neuropathic cancer pain, TGN, multiple sclerosis JAMA 1998;280:1837-42 ... Fetch Here

Ketamine: An Introduction For The Pain And Palliative ...
Diagnostic process of neuropathic pain and the role of NMDA-R in the development of hyperalgesia are briefly reviewed. The wind-up phenomenon consists of repeated transmission of nociceptive stimuli (clinically present with protracted ... Access Doc

While these products offer temporary pain relief, capsaicin and a combination of both produces analgesia in chronic human neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, Sign up for My Newsletter; Headlines; Forum; Related Video. ... Read Article

Gabapentin For neuropathic pain - Nursing Practice And Peer ...
Gabapentin for neuropathic pain wind, indigestion or a dry mouth. Your doctor may be able to prescribe other medicines to help with these symptoms if up-to-date. However, medicines can be used in different ways for different patients. ... Retrieve Full Source

Chronic Prostatitis/chronic Pelvic pain Syndrome - Wikipedia ...
Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) (neural pain wind-up). Current protocols largely focus on stretches to release overtensed muscles in the pelvic or anal area ... Read Article

Ketamine Information Sheet - Hospital Palliative Care Service
The phenomena of “wind-up” can occur in this setting. This is where pain intensifies (the classical features of neuropathic pain and “wind-up”) are most likely to have a favourable response to ketamine. The option of rotating ... View Doc

Background: Chronic neuropathic pain has a major effect on quality of life. In order to Summation / wind-up Dysregulation of: The autonomic nervous system Heart rate variability (HRV) The sensory nervous system Decreased diffuse noxious inhibitory control ... Fetch This Document

Neuropathic pain In Vulvar Vestibulitis: Diagnosis And Treatment
Suffer from symptoms typical of neuropathic pain such as allodynia and hyperalgesia. Because of the severe pain on vestibular touch or attempt- A cute for wind up: NMDA recep-tors antagonists as potential analgesics. Trends Pharmacol. ... Return Doc

Pain Management In Palliative Care - RACGP - The Royal ...
Distress being missed?); is it neuropathic pain; is ‘wind up’ occurring? Options include ketamine (eg. by 5 day subcutaneous infusion ‘burst’ protocol),12 spinal analgesia, or terminal sedation if the patient is at the end of their life. ... Content Retrieval

Pain- What Is It? - American Society For Pain Management Nursing
• Prevents central sensitization (wind up) • Helps to prevent chronic pain ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY Wenrui Xie, Strong Judith A. Johanna T A et al. Neuropathic pain: early spontaneous afferent activity is the trigger Pain 2005;116: 243-256. Wiezel ... Access Content

Gliopathic And neuropathic pain, Glia & Neuron.m4v - YouTube
A new treatment target for neuropathic pain is the glia and other immunecompetent cells which in activated state are the main glia as well as mast cells back into the phenotype of rest and reduces the stress on the nervous system leading to wind up phenomena and neuropathic pain. ... View Video

GUIDELINE FOR TREATING PATIENTS WITH - Leicestershire ...
Neuropathic pain includes postherpetic neuralgia which is associated with the Pain triggered by known trigger factors e.g wind, cold, shaving, cleaning teeth up to 2-4 weeks until the full pain-relief effect is seen. Trial period to ... Retrieve Document

Chronic Pain Relief - Serrapeptase Testimonial Video - YouTube
Neuropathic pain is divided into "peripheral" (originating in the peripheral nervous system) and "central" (originating in the brain or spinal cord).[6] Under persistent activation nociceptive transmission to the dorsal horn may induce a wind up phenomenon. ... View Video

PAIN
Phenomenon of ‘wind-up’ involving the NMDA receptor, making neurons more sensitive - ie sensitising them. Neuropathic pain occurs with damage or compression of nerves. In endometriosis this may occur after nerve compression or involvement in inflammation. ... Doc Retrieval

Neuropathic Orofacial Pain - The EndoExperience - Not What ...
Neuropathic pain Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system chewing,touch,temperature,wind,andshaving[11]. Pain in TN is characterized by a rapid onset for traumatic TN end up with more pain. ... Get Doc

DUR REGON OARD EWSLETTER
Neuropathic Pain Treatment By Cydreese Aebi PhD, RPh. Oregon State University allodynia and wind-up-like pain experienced a positive effect from lamotrigine.(10) Two small studies indicate its usefulness in trigeminal ... Doc Retrieval

Neuropathic Pain Cold Allodynia

Brief Information On Fibromyalgia - YouTube
Neuropathic Pain-Allodynia Hyperalgesia. Pain over muscles and joints. Fibromyalgia Pain may get worse with activity, cold and damp weather, anxiety and stress. There is wide spread pain with tenderness for more than 3 months. ... View Video

Research Report Pharmacological Characterisation Of The Rat ...
Model of neuropathic pain Rubens Rodrigues-Filhoa, Maria Martha Camposa, Juliano Ferreiraa, Adair R.S. Santosb, Jayme A. Bertellic, Joa˜o B. Calixtoa,* signs of ongoing pain and cold allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain, Pain 59 (1994) 369–376. ... Return Document

Assesment Of neuropathic pain - Hong Kong Pain Society
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain case •42 yr. old F •Tibial fracture 1996 •1996 removal of ostesynthesis cold allodynia often rarely ? Hyperpathia sometimes never sometimes aftersensations often Rarely ? Specific Paroxyms ? throb pain ? none ... Doc Retrieval

Neuropathic pain: Are There Distinct Subtypes Depending On ...
Neuropathic pain: are there distinct subtypes depending on the aetiology or anatomical lesion? N Attal1, MD, PhD, C. Fermanian2, pressure and cold stimuli strongly correlated to allodynia/hyperalgesia to brush, von Frey hairs and cold stimuli (p < 0.0001, n = 90). ... View Document

ARA290, A Peptide Derived From The Tertiary Structure Of ...
Significantly less cold allodynia than does vehicle on ipsilat-eral (P 0.001) and contralateral paws (P 0.03). allodynia in acute and neuropathic pain. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2011; 115:165–74 23. Taoufik E, Petit E, Divoux D, Tseveleki V, Mengozzi M, ... Access Document

neuropathic Tables And Glossary - American Medical Association
Cold allodynia Heat allodynia Mechanical deep somatic allodynia Normally non-painful light-pressure moving stimuli on skin evoke pain Neuropathic pain Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system. ... Doc Viewer

Appendix 1. Clinical Evaluation Of Patients With Suspected ...
• Pain qualities: hot, burning, sharp, stabbing, cold, allodynia (pain brought on by light touch, clothing, or bed sheets) • Common nonpainful sensations: tingling, pricking, “Neuropathic pain: a practical guide for the clinician” — Reprinted from CMAJ 01-Aug-06; 175(3), ... Read Here

Fibromyalgia Drugs - Learn About Fibromyalgia Drugs
There, it's used to treat pain from several sources, including surgery, cancer, trauma and liver disease. Adeona, however, hopes to show that it treats more than just the pain of FMS, but improves mood, fatigue, cognitive problems, ... Read Article

Dysesthesia - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Were nocifensive when placed on a cold metal floor, protected their hind paws, and had suppressed appetite. hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli, allodynia, This pain upgrades with tonic light touch, phasic rubbing, ... Read Article

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Neuropathic Pain
- Neuropathic pain can be spontaneous or evoked; cold or external stimulation. † Previous analgesics that have been tried by the patient should be evaluated; Allodynia - pain produced by innocuous stimulus e.g. touch, pressure, warmth ... Access Content

Chronic pain - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Neuropathic pain is divided into "peripheral" This maladaptative change results in the experience of allodynia and/or hyperalgesia. cold: Chills. Aches/Pains: Headache • Chronic pain • Cancer pain. Malaise and fatigue: ... Read Article

Treatment Of Painful Peripheral Neuropathies
Neuropathic pain is a pathologic or maladaptive pain, which results from damage mechano-allodynia and cold-allodynia may be observed and behavioral changes consistent with spontaneous pain such as limping and guarding the hind paw are seen. ... Read Full Source

What Is Fibromyalgia
The question, "What is fibromyalgia?" is a complicated one that doctors and patients have been trying for decades to answer. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes intense pain all over the body, as well as a host of other symptoms. It affects more than 6 million people in ... Read Article

Complex Regional pain Syndrome - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Cold CRPS is said to be indicative of a more chronic CRPS, with poorer McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) Spontaneous pain or allodynia (pain resulting from a stimulus which would not normally provoke pain, such as a light touch of the skin) ... Read Article

An Update On Neuropathic Pain - Touch Briefings PLC
Neuropathic pain (NP) hypersensitivity and hypersensitivity to heat and cold. Two types of hypersensitivity can be distinguished. First, allodynia is defined as pain dynamic mechanical allodynia (pain to light touch) and pain summation ... Fetch Here

Neuropathic pain: A Practical Guide For The Clinician
Thy, diabetic neuropathy, cancer-related neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, HIV-related neuropathy stabbing, cold, allodynia (pain brought on by light touch, clothing or bed sheets) • Common nonpainfu l sensations • Pain, allodynia, hyperalgesia, edem a, cutaneou s blood ... Get Document

Resveratrol, A Polyphenolic Phytoalexin Attenuates Thermal ...
Cold allodynia in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of neuropathic pain. Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystil-bene), a naturally occurring phytoalexin is present in ... Document Retrieval

Neuropathic pain: Diagnosis, Pathophysiological Mechanisms ...
Neuropathic pain: diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment cold allodynia.35 Abnormal responses to cold and topical application of menthol indicated that a nerve lesion triggered abnormal function or expression of TRPM8, a ... View This Document

Exploring The Potential Effect Of Ocimum Sanctum In ...
On Cold Allodynia in Neuropathic Pain Vincristine administration resulted in the development of cold allodynia as reflected by an increase in the duration of hind paw withdrawal, when compared to normal con-trol group. However, pre-treatment withOcimum sanc- ... Document Retrieval

Neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain Unmet needs for patients demands 1-Allodynia: pain in response to a non-nociceptive stimulus. 2-Hyperalgesia: painful cold object (20C) Heat hyperalgesia: Pain arise from normally non-painful hot object (40C) . ... View Doc

Neuropathic Pain Following Nerve Injury
Neuropathic Pain Following Nerve Injury Stanislava Jergova1,2 1University of Miami, Florida 2Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Science 1USA 2Slovakia 1. Introduction Cold allodynia, a common symptom in neuropathy, is related to ... Retrieve Here

The Effects Of The A,-Adrenergic Agonist, Dexmedetomidine, In ...
Neuropathic pain could be found, it should used as part of premeditation or induction anesthesia, at least in pain and cold allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pain 1994;59:369-76. Hargreaves K, Dubner R, Brown F, et al. A new and ... Fetch Full Source